Comics for girls may save biz

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The boys' club known as the comic book industry has slowly reopened its doors to the species it enjoys ogling the most -- females. As publishers find their core male readership abandoning them for video games, DVDs and the Internet, new readers are critical to the survival of the over 70-year-old medium.

Tapping into the disposable income of the fairer sex seems like an obvious choice -- although even having to consider the proposal reveals just how little the male-dominated industry knows about its own history.

"Men have short memories," says Trina Robbins, comic history author and creator of the female-friendly comic Go Girl! "There was a time in America when more girls read comics than boys because there were comics that they wanted to read."

From the 1940s through the start of the 1960s, titles such as Millie the Model, Nellie the Nurse, Patsy the Typist and Katy Keene were produced in numbers rivaling those of Detective Comics, Superman and Captain Marvel Adventures. Female readers actually equaled their male counterparts in numbers.

Then, thanks to a combination of parental concerns, censorship pressures and the emergence of more profitable alternative mediums, the books disappeared from the department stores, train stations, bus depots and grocery stores that had been selling them. As a result, once popular titles were canceled.

Maggie Thompson, editor of the 34-year-old Comic Buyer's Guide, a publication for fans and industry insiders, believes the loss of these distribution points and their replacement in the 1970s by more specialized comic book stores decimated female readership.

"Now you had a shop with a 'Simpsons' stereotypical comic guy in charge presenting an actively hostile environment for a 12-year-old girl who might be curious about reading a title," says Mrs. Thompson, who learned to read through the comic format.

Further alienating female readers were stories and art styles catering to older males -- too many bad girls, too much muscle and too much might -- that emerged through the mid-1990s.

"Girls were never interested in reading about Spider-Man's girl friend," Miss Robbins says. "They also did not want to read about female characters with humongous breasts. They not only find this very insulting, they cannot relate to it."

Only in the last 10 years -- with the appearance of smaller publishers such as Dark Horse Comics, Oni Press and Slave Labor Graphics along with the explosive rise of "manga" (Japanese comics) in the American market -- have female readers begun to firmly re-embrace the art form.