Cell-phone technology an explosive tool for insurgents

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The efficiency of cell-phone technology in rebuilding Iraq has a drawback in that insurgents are using the hand-held devices to orchestrate attacks and set off roadside bombs, defense officials say.

A growing network of cellular connections has proved a boon to contractors, the U.S. military and average Iraqis in turning the state-run economy into a free-market business environment.

But insurgents have been able to capitalize on the growing availability to create their own mobile command-and-control centers. Bomb-makers also use cell phones to remotely set off improvised explosive devices (IEDs), the roadside devices that have killed scores of U.S. troops.

Charles Krohn, an Army official in Baghdad from 2003 to 2004, said the insurgents developed an ingenious way to thwart eavesdropping as they set up meetings and attacks.

"They would use more than one phone to send a message," said Mr. Krohn, a visiting professor at the University of Michigan. "They would deliver part of the message on one number and call another number to deliver another part of the message. So if someone was listening, they would only get part of the message. If you were concerned about eavesdropping, you would want to use more than one telephone and there is no shortage of cell phones in Iraq."

Those in Abu Musab Zarqawi's al Qaeda in Iraq organization use cell-phone communication to notify terrorists of attack plans, said one well-placed defense source.

"I don't know if Zarqawi himself uses a cell phone but his aides do," the source said.

Virtually all spoken electronic communication in the country is done via cell or satellite phones, not land lines. The constant chatter does give the National Security Agency and specialized commando units opportunities to intercept conversations. And, the Associated Press reported last month that Iraqis use a cell phone's text messaging feature to send tips on terrorists to trusted security officials.

But the technology seems to be doing the insurgency more good than harm.

Sources said insurgents have the know-how to make one cell phone communicate with a second phone whose components are built into the bomb's triggering mechanism.