Bush hits foes who say spying broke the law

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President Bush yesterday took direct aim at Democratic critics on Capitol Hill who charge that a secret spy program he ordered in 2002 is illegal, saying, "If I wanted to break the law, why was I briefing Congress?"

Opening a three-day White House offensive to defend his decision to create the covert program, the president told nearly 10,000 people at Kansas State University that he has the authority under the Constitution to conduct foreign intelligence, as well as legislative approval granted by Congress three days after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

"Congress gave me additional powers to use force, but it didn't prescribe the tactics," Mr. Bush said, adding a protest against one of the most common ways to describe the program -- "domestic spying."

"I repeat to you, even though you hear words, 'domestic spying,' these are not phone calls within the United States," he said, insisting that the program is "what I would call a terrorist surveillance program."

He said the government needs to know why people linked to al Qaeda are contacting people in the United States -- the main goal of the secret program, which was revealed last month by the New York Times.

"Federal courts have consistently ruled that a president has authority under the Constitution to conduct foreign intelligence surveillance against our enemies. Predecessors of mine have used that same constitutional authority," Mr. Bush said.

The president signed a secret order in 2002 that authorized the National Security Agency to intercept international phone calls and e-mails to and from the United States that include at least one party who is a known or suspected al Qaeda member or affiliate.

Although the White House informed at least eight members of Congress -- including four Democrats -- of the program, members of the minority party in the House and Senate have complained that the president has overstepped his authority.

"One of the ways to protect the American people is to understand the intentions of the enemy," he said yesterday, adding that is what prompted him to order the creation of the program.

"If they're making phone calls into the United States, we need to know why -- to protect you," Mr. Bush said, drawing applause from the unscreened crowd.