Census battle intensifies; GOP leader threatens lawsuit

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By Joseph Curl and Kara Rowland

UPDATED:

Americans don't even start filling out their census forms for another year, but the political wrangling over the decennial population count is already well under way. Just ask Sen. Judd Gregg.

Even before the New Hampshire Republican on Thursday withdrew his nomination to head the Commerce Department, which oversees the U.S. Census Bureau, Republicans were fuming about Obama administration efforts to bypass Mr. Gregg on matters related to the 2010 census.

"How would you feel if this was [President Bush's senior political adviser] Karl Rove and the Bush White House that was handling this census? It's the same thing," an indignant Rep. Gregg Harper, Mississippi Republican, said just hours before Mr. Gregg withdrew.

The White House, meanwhile, said the director of the Census Bureau always has kept the president abreast of the agency's work and asserted that the same chain of command in existence for decades would remain in place.

"This administration has not proposed removing the census from the Department of Commerce, and the same congressional committees that had oversight during the previous administration will retain that authority," White House spokesman Ben LaBolt said Thursday.

Mr. Gregg divorced himself from the Obama nomination late Thursday, citing "irresolvable conflicts," chief among them the census. He said President Obama and he are "functioning from a different set of views" and that he could not proceed.

The census, set out in the Constitution, has enormous political impact. Its determination of overall state populations determines how many House seats each state gets, thus the makeup of the Electoral College that elects the president.

In addition, Democrats or Republicans - whichever party is in power in the various state legislatures - use the data to redraw congressional districts at both the federal and state levels to their advantage, often through the deliberate rearrangement of boundaries known as gerrymandering.

Also, the census is used to allocate federal funds, which also means a political party could steer money to districts it controls by shaping the data. An estimated $300 billion in federal funds for roads, schools, hospitals and other programs are distributed annually on the basis of the data.